Tennis

Court

Classical line detection, no model and no licence constraints: a white-line mask, Hough lines and a court template scored line by line. Broadcast tennis cameras return to the same framing after close-ups, so the last good fit is re-checked on every frame and restored on the first wide frame.

Ball and bounces

• Ball: a TrackNet heatmap network over three consecutive frames.
• Bounces: a CatBoost classifier over the ball’s trajectory, with a built-in rule as fallback.
• Use 25 fps: at 12 fps most bounces are lost. A laptop GPU runs about 3x slower than real time; use an NVIDIA GPU for live matches.

The TrackNet and bounce weights published by TennisProject carry no licence: use them for personal evaluation only. See Third-party software and models.

Scoring logic

• Serve: counted once the ball crosses the net, stamped at the hit.
• Hit: the ball reverses away from a player within reach.
• Bounce in/out: the first bounce after a shot decides. A ball that lands in and then bounces again (even past the baseline) is a winner, not out.
• Point endings are held for 0.8 s and cancelled if the other player plays the ball.

Players are near and far (the camera’s view): names and forehand/backhand need identity and handedness, which are not known.